> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://jeffgthompsons-organization.gitbook.io/yellow-team/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://jeffgthompsons-organization.gitbook.io/yellow-team/training/cloud-guru/introduction-to-kubernetes/building-a-kubernetes-1.27-cluster-with-kubeadm.md). # Building a Kubernetes 1.27 Cluster with kubeadm ## Install Packages ### **Control Pane Node** **Create the configuration file for containerd:** ``` cat << EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf overlay br_netfilter EOF ```

**Load the modules:** ``` sudo modprobe overlay sudo modprobe br_netfilter ``` **Set the system configurations for Kubernetes networking:** ``` cat <

**Apply the new settings:** ``` sudo sysctl --system ``` **Install containerd:** ``` sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y containerd.io ``` **Create the default configuration file for containerd:** ``` sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd ``` **Generate the default containerd configuration, and save it to the newly created default file:** ``` sudo containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml ``` **Restart containerd to ensure the new configuration file is used:** ``` sudo systemctl restart containerd ``` **Verify that containerd is running:** ``` sudo systemctl status containerd ```

**Disable swap:** ``` sudo swapoff -a ``` **Install the dependency packages:** ``` sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https curl ``` **Download and add the GPG key:** ``` curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add - ``` **Add Kubernetes to the repository list:** ``` cat < **Note:** If you get a `dpkg lock` message, just wait a minute or two before trying the command again. ``` sudo apt-get install -y kubelet=1.27.0-00 kubeadm=1.27.0-00 kubectl=1.27.0-00 ``` **Turn off automatic updates:** ``` sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl ```

### Worker Node **Create the configuration file for containerd:** ``` cat << EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf overlay br_netfilter EOF ```

**Load the modules:** ``` sudo modprobe overlay sudo modprobe br_netfilter ``` **Set the system configurations for Kubernetes networking:** ``` cat <

## Initialize the Cluster ### **Control Pane Node** **Initialize the Kubernetes cluster on the control plane node using `kubeadm`:** ``` sudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr 192.168.0.0/16 --kubernetes-version 1.27.0 ``` **Set `kubectl` access:** ``` mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config ``` **Test access to the cluster:** ``` kubectl get nodes ```

## Install the Calico Network Add-On ### **Control Pane Node** **On the control plane node, install Calico Networking:** ``` kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.25.0/manifests/calico.yaml ``` **Check the status of the control plane node:** ``` kubectl get nodes ```

## Join the Worker Nodes to the Cluster ### **Control Pane Node** **In the control plane node, create the token and copy the `kubeadm join` command:** ``` kubeadm token create --print-join-command ```

### Worker Node **You can just copy the output from the previous command on the Control Pane Node but add sudo first and it will look similar to this:** ``` kubeadm join 10.0.1.101:6443 --token $token --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash $discovery-token-ca-cert-hash ``` **In both worker nodes, paste the full `kubeadm join` command to join the cluster. Use `sudo` to run it as root:** ``` sudo kubeadm join ``` ### **Control Pane Node** In the control plane node, view the cluster status: ``` kubectl get nodes ```